History & Legends of the Katas Raj Temples
The name is usually traced to the Sanskrit kataksha, “tearful eyes”. In the Puranic story, Shiva wept so bitterly after the death of his wife Sati that his tears formed the pond. Another tradition ties the site to the Mahabharata: the exiled Pandava brothers are said to have stayed here, and Yudhishthira answered the riddles of a Yaksha at the water’s edge to bring his brothers back to life.
The real history is just as layered. The Chinese monk Faxian described a temple here in the 4th century CE, and Xuanzang wrote in the 7th century of a tall Buddhist stupa surrounded by springs. Most of the standing Hindu temples were built under the Shahi dynasties between the 7th and 10th centuries. Guru Nanak is believed to have visited, and Maharaja Ranjit Singh came on pilgrimage in 1806, 1818 and 1824.
After 1947 the Hindu community left and the site declined. Restoration began in 2006, new shikharas were placed on the temples in 2017, and in 2018 Pakistan’s Supreme Court ordered nearby cement factories to stop drawing groundwater that had been draining the pond (background in this Dawn report). Today the complex is managed as a protected heritage and pilgrimage site and still receive Hindu pilgrims, including groups from India.